受ける
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To receive anything – a letter, an email, some bad news, a bad influence from the neighbor’s kid...
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受取る
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To receive a physical thing that is handed to you – paperwork or a summons.
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もらう
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Used with another verb, as in 手伝ってもらう or 買ってもらう. To receive an action (from someone) – used when you ask someone for a favor and they do it.
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くれる
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This is tricky – used by itself, it means “to give.” But if – like もらうー you use it with another verb, as in 助けてくれた or 食べてくれた, it means ‘to receive an action from someone else – THAT THEY DID WITHOUT YOU ASKING’. Literally, “She gave me xxx.”
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