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硬くなる
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A kind of scientific word:coal hardens into diamonds. Water turns into ice. Hardening of the arteries. Also used with food:whip the egg whites until they’re firm.
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固める
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Unlike 硬くなる、固める is intentional:you purposely congeal something. (clay, paint, ) OTHER MEANING:to harden or fortify one’s defenses (or strengthen the unity of factions within the party).
$$$TTT
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硬直する
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Rigid – but not like a boner. Usually used about people who tense up under fear or surprise, so tense they can’t move. Less commonly, it can mean a rigid class system resistant to change. Like rigor mortis. Other meaning:to sit bolt upright, soldiers rigidly standing at attention.
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硬化
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This is pretty rare, and almost always used only in science. However, sometimes you will see the phrase 態度が硬化, meaning someone’s attitude becomes more strict or hard-assed, or the cops do a crackdown.
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KANJIDAMAGE