努 | Make an effort (at improving your French, at quitting smoking, to be nice to your friend’s douche boyfriend, etc.), more like 頑張る than the other つとめるs. $$$ |
務 | Perform a specific task or role which you have been assigned (but not necc. at a job) |
勤 | Work (used only about a job, and not in reference to a particular project at that job) (emphasis is on the physical work rather than the role). |