追う | Chase – not just cat chases mouse, but also can mean to chase someone in a certain direction, for instance, to drive someone off, or to herd cattle. |
追求 | To pursue, usually used figuratively (pursue justice, pursue happiness, pursue a career) |
追いかける | To chase after – Like a cop chasing a crook. A more narrow meaning than just 追う. $$$ |
追いつく | Catch up to. |
追越す | Overtake. |