促す
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To press or encourage someone to do something. Could be good, as in “Get up and dance! It’s a party! Have some fun!” or bad, as in, “Work faster! If there’s time to lean, there’s time to clean!”
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促進
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To facilitate or give an incentive to. “The team-study groups are designed to facilitate the sharing of ideas.”
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催促
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To repeat and repeat a demand for money. Can be used about corporations (This is your 3d notice of overdue library book) or between friends, (‘I keep asking you to repay that $5 I lent you’)
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奨励
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To cheer someone on, to encourage them through praise.
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勇気づける
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To encourage someone who is afraid.
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迫る
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To urge someone in a coercive or threatening manner. To peer-pressure. Also you can say that something is pressing on you, like a deadline.
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